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Senate Republicans narrowly advanced President Donald Trump’s sweeping tax and spending bill on Tuesday, with Vice President JD Vance breaking a 50-50 tie after hours of debate. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which includes permanent tax cuts and major reductions to government programs, now returns to the House for final approval.⁠
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Three Senate Republicans—Susan Collins, Thom Tillis, and Rand Paul—joined Democrats in opposing the bill. Alaska’s Lisa Murkowski voted yes after negotiations. The legislation proposes cuts to Medicaid and food subsidies while preserving Trump-era tax breaks. Critics, including the House Freedom Caucus, warned the bill could add $650 billion annually to the deficit. “That’s not fiscal responsibility,” the caucus posted on Monday.⁠
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President Trump had hoped to sign the bill by July 4, but said meeting that date would be “very hard.” Tech executive Elon Musk, who helped Trump win the presidency, has turned against the bill, citing its impact on renewable energy. “Every member of Congress who… voted for the biggest debt increase in history should hang their head in shame,” Musk posted on X.⁠
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